Table 1 Material properties used in the finite element model
Description | Level | Element | Young’s modulus (MPa) | Poisson’s ratio | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vertebra | Cortical bone | C0–C3 | 3-D solid(6 node) | 12,000 | 0.29 |
Cancellous bone | C0–C3 | 3-D solid(4 node) | 450 | 0.29 | |
Posterior elements | C1–C3 | 3-D solid(4 node) | 3500 | 0.29 | |
Endplate | C1–C3 | 3-D solid(6 node) | 500 | 0.4 | |
Disc | Annulus ground substance | C2–C3 | 3-D solid(8 node) | 3.4 | 0.4 |
Nucleus | C2–C3 | 3-D solid(8 node) | 1 | 0.49 | |
Annulus fibrosus | C2–C3 | Tension-only linear contact element(2 node) | 450 | 0.3 | |
Transverse ligament | C1 | Orthotropic | E1 = 86 E2 = 6 | 0.016 | |
Implants | C0–C3 | 120,000 | 0.3 |