Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the MH and MH-PFO groups
Project | MH (n = 67) | MH-PFO (n = 172) | T/Z/χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at onset (years) | 45.54 ± 12.96 | 34.78 ± 13.56 | 5.574 | < 0.001 |
Female (%) | 49(73.1) | 126(73.3) | 0.035 | 0.985 |
Female premenopausal (%) | 14(28.6) | 77(61.1) | 14.966 | < 0.001 |
Cigarette smoking (%) | 11(16.4) | 20(11.6) | 0.980 | 0.322 |
Alcohol consumption (%) | 3(4.5) | 2(1.2) | NA | 0.136 |
Hypertension (%) | 12(17.9) | 18(10.5) | 2.435 | 0.119 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 2(3.0) | 1(0.6) | NA | 0.191 |
Family history of migraine (%) | 6(9.0) | 49(28.5) | 10.384 | 0.001 |
Migraine severity | 10.532 | 0.005 | ||
Mild | 4(6.0) | 12(7.0) | ||
Moderate | 49(73.1)a | 87(50.6)b | ||
Severe | 14(20.9)a | 73(42.4)b | ||
Migraine with aura (%) | 2(3.0) | 63(36.6) | 27.563 | < 0.001 |
Unilateral migraine (%) | 42(62.7) | 117(68.0) | 0.617 | 0.432 |
Headache burden (hours/month) | 18.00(10.00–32.00) | 28.00(12.00–50.00) | − 2.357 | 0.018 |
Baseline HIT-6 (points) | 54.00(50.00–57.00) | 59.00(54.50–62.00) | − 5.811 | < 0.001 |
No effect | 8(11.9) | 13(7.6) | ||
Mild impact | 33(49.3)a | 29(16.9)b | ||
Moderate impact | 19(28.4) | 57(33.1) | ||
Severe impact | 7(10.4)a | 73(42.4)b | ||
Baseline SAS score (points) | 42.00(40.00–45.00) | 45.00(41.00–47.00) | − 3.007 | 0.003 |
No anxiety | 60(89.6) | 137(79.7) | ||
Mild anxiety | 6(9.0) | 26(15.1) | ||
Moderate anxiety | 1(1.5) | 6(3.5) | ||
Severe anxiety | 0(0) | 3(1.7) | ||
Baseline SDS score (points) | 48.00(45.00–52.00) | 51.00(47.00–55.00) | − 2.019 | 0.044 |
No depression | 50(74.6)a | 102(59.3)b | ||
Mild depression | 11(16.4)a | 57(33.1)b | ||
Moderate depression | 5(7.5) | 10(5.8) | ||
Major depression | 1(1.5) | 3(1.7) | ||