Fig. 5

TTM reverses TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT). A, B RT-PCR analysis showing Vimentin and E-cadherin mRNA levels in epithelial cells (Beas-2b cells) across three groups: control (CT), treated with TGF-β (TGF) (10 ng/mL) and TGF-β with TTM (TGF&TTM) for 48 h. C Western blot analysis of Vimentin and E-cadherin expression in Beas-2b cells for the CT, TGF and TGF&TTM groups. Quantitative analysis of protein band intensities is shown in an accompanying bar graph. D, E RT-PCR analysis showing α-SMA and Col1 A1 mRNA levels in in fibroblast cells (MRC-5) across three groups. F Western blot analysis of α-SMA and Col1 A1expression in fibroblast cells (MRC-5) for the CT, TGF and TGF&TTM groups. Quantitative analysis of protein band intensities is shown in an accompanying bar graph. Data are presented as mean ± SD.*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 (one-way ANOVA) in this figure