Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria of the present study
Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|
(1) Age ≥ 16 years or older | (1) Age < 16 years |
(2) Positive history of trauma | (2) Radiological evidence of trauma (fractures, dislocations, or subluxations) |
(3) Confirmed SCIWORA | (3) Associated severe traumatic brain injury |
(Patients presented with neurological deficit plus normal X-ray or CT but abnormal MRI on initial presentation) | (4) MRI evidence of compressive lesions (disc herniation with canal stenosis > 50%, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy) |