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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population

From: Risk analysis of the association between EASIX and all-cause mortality in critical ill patients with atrial fibrillation: a retrospective study from MIMIC-IV database

Variables

Total (n = 4896)

Survivors (n = 3621)

None-survivors (n = 1275)

P

Demographics

    

 Age, years

75.00 (66.00, 83.00)

75.00 (66.00, 83.00)

76.00 (68.00, 84.00)

0.006

 Male Gender, n (%)

2871 (58.64)

2118 (58.49)

753 (59.06)

0.724

 Race, White, n (%)

3093 (63.17)

2300 (63.52)

793 (62.20)

0.400

 Weight, Kg

79.80 (66.80, 95.60)

80.00 (67.00, 95.50)

79.00 (66.55, 96.05)

0.386

Past history, n (%)

    

 Hypertension

1676 (34.23)

1292 (35.68)

384 (30.12)

 < 0.001

 Heart Failure

2656 (54.25)

1966 (54.29)

690 (54.12)

0.913

 Myocardial infarction

725 (14.81)

509 (14.06)

216 (16.94)

0.013

 Malignant tumor

940 (19.20)

676 (18.67)

264 (20.71)

0.112

 CKD

1523 (31.11)

1087 (30.02)

436 (34.20)

0.006

 COPD

643 (13.13)

461 (12.73)

182 (14.27)

0.161

 Hyperlipidemia

2189 (44.71)

1681 (46.42)

508 (39.84)

 < 0.001

 Stroke

538 (10.99)

420 (11.60)

118 (9.25)

0.021

 Diabetes

1740 (35.54)

1274 (35.18)

466 (36.55)

0.381

Laboratory data

    

 WBC(109/L)

11.20 (8.10, 16.00)

10.77 (7.90, 15.10)

12.75 (8.70, 18.60)

 < 0.001

 RBC(109/L)

3.42 (2.94, 3.98)

3.48 (3.01, 4.02)

3.28 (2.80, 3.83)

 < 0.001

 Platelet(109/L)

182.00 (127.64, 250.00)

185.00 (134.00, 251.33)

173.00 (109.07, 247.00)

 < 0.001

 Hemoglobin(g/dL)

10.15 (8.70, 11.78)

10.30 (8.90, 11.90)

9.67 (8.35, 11.30)

 < 0.001

 RDW(%)

15.27 (14.07, 17.15)

15.00 (13.90, 16.73)

16.10 (14.60, 18.12)

 < 0.001

 Hct(%)

31.27 (27.15, 36.10)

31.65 (27.50, 36.43)

30.06 (26.23, 35.31)

 < 0.001

 Sodium(mmol/L)

138.20 (135.00, 141.00)

138.25 (135.33, 141.00)

138.00 (134.50, 141.67)

0.482

 Potassium(mmol/L)

4.20 (3.85, 4.60)

4.15 (3.83, 4.58)

4.30 (3.90, 4.79)

 < 0.001

 Calcium(mmol/L)

8.35 (7.87, 8.80)

8.38 (7.90, 8.83)

8.27 (7.75, 8.75)

 < 0.001

 Chloride(mmol/L)

103.00 (98.67, 107.00)

103.00 (99.00, 107.00)

102.33 (97.63, 107.00)

0.010

 Glucose(mg/dL)

131.12 (109.00, 166.76)

128.50 (108.00, 161.00)

140.75 (113.88, 180.74)

 < 0.001

 Anion gap(mmol/L)

14.50 (12.33, 17.00)

14.00 (12.00, 16.67)

16.00 (13.33, 19.33)

 < 0.001

 PT(s)

15.53 (13.40, 20.80)

15.10 (13.18, 19.40)

17.25 (14.09, 24.93)

 < 0.001

 PTT(s)

34.30 (29.00, 47.50)

33.60 (28.73, 45.40)

36.86 (30.15, 52.69)

 < 0.001

 INR

1.40 (1.20, 1.90)

1.40 (1.20, 1.80)

1.60 (1.30, 2.30)

 < 0.001

 Bilirubin(mg/dL)

0.70 (0.40, 1.30)

0.70 (0.40, 1.20)

0.85 (0.50, 1.80)

 < 0.001

 ALT(U/L)

26.00 (16.00, 60.00)

24.50 (15.00, 52.00)

32.00 (17.00, 88.41)

 < 0.001

 AST(U/L)

39.00 (23.00, 89.00)

36.00 (22.00, 75.50)

52.00 (27.50, 145.25)

 < 0.001

 Urea nitrogen(mg/dL)

28.67 (18.00, 46.67)

25.50 (17.00, 42.75)

38.00 (25.00, 58.55)

 < 0.001

 Serum creatinine(mg/dL)

1.30 (0.90, 2.13)

1.20 (0.85, 1.90)

1.65 (1.10, 2.77)

 < 0.001

 LDH(U/L)

287.00 (215.00, 427.62)

268.00 (206.00, 379.00)

360.00 (255.00, 598.00)

 < 0.001

Vital signs

    

 Heart Rate(bpm)

86.07 (74.57, 99.37)

84.82 (73.63, 97.74)

90.00 (78.06, 103.58)

 < 0.001

 Systolic blood pressure(mmHg)

111.03 (102.00, 123.87)

112.50 (102.97, 125.67)

107.24 (99.61, 118.42)

 < 0.001

 Diastolic blood pressure(mmHg)

62.96 (56.20, 70.43)

63.28 (56.60, 70.90)

61.67 (55.25, 69.09)

 < 0.001

 Mean blood pressure(mmHg)

75.28 (68.91, 83.55)

75.96 (69.43, 84.33)

73.70 (67.74, 81.06)

 < 0.001

 Respiratory rate(bpm)

19.76 (17.40, 22.63)

19.45 (17.16, 22.11)

20.92 (18.30, 24.09)

 < 0.001

 SpO2(%)

96.75 (95.27, 98.13)

96.79 (95.36, 98.10)

96.64 (95.00, 98.21)

0.024

 Temperature (°C)

36.77 (36.56, 37.04)

36.78 (36.58, 37.02)

36.75 (36.51, 37.10)

0.128

Medication, n (%)

    

 Glucocorticoids

1292 (26.39)

837 (23.12)

455 (35.69)

 < 0.001

 ARB/ACEI

1131 (23.10)

1049 (28.97)

82 (6.43)

 < 0.001

 Immunosuppressant

132 (2.70)

98 (2.71)

34 (2.67)

0.940

 Aspirin

2336 (47.71)

1884 (52.03)

452 (35.45)

 < 0.001

 Statins

639 (13.05)

534 (14.75)

105 (8.24)

 < 0.001

 Beta blocker

3537 (72.24)

2802 (77.38)

735 (57.65)

 < 0.001

 Clopidogrel

96 (1.96)

68 (1.88)

28 (2.20)

0.481

 Dipyridamo

47 (0.96)

44 (1.22)

3 (0.24)

0.002

 Warfarin

939 (19.18)

847 (23.39)

92 (7.22)

 < 0.001

 Amiodarone

1242 (25.37)

798 (22.04)

444 (34.82)

 < 0.001

 Digitalis

399 (8.15)

271 (7.48)

128 (10.04)

0.004

 Diuretics

3302 (67.44)

2454 (67.77)

848 (66.51)

0.408

 Norepinephrine

2206 (45.06)

1276 (35.24)

930 (72.94)

 < 0.001

 Phenylephrine

1795 (36.66)

1116 (30.82)

679 (53.25)

 < 0.001

 Vasopressin

1107 (22.61)

474 (13.09)

633 (49.65)

 < 0.001

 Dopamine

282 (5.76)

149 (4.11)

133 (10.43)

 < 0.001

 Dobutamine

332 (6.78)

168 (4.64)

164 (12.86)

 < 0.001

 Epinephrine

451 (9.21)

251 (6.93)

200 (15.69)

 < 0.001

Intervention, n (%)

    

 Ventilation

4099 (83.72)

2968 (81.97)

1131 (88.71)

 < 0.001

 CRRT

502 (10.25)

223 (6.16)

279 (21.88)

 < 0.001

Length of stay (LOS), days

    

 LOS hospital

10.02 (5.94, 17.46)

10.50 (6.41, 17.78)

8.99 (4.22, 16.70)

 < 0.001

 LOS ICU

3.32 (1.94, 6.64)

3.06 (1.87, 5.73)

4.59 (2.27, 9.02)

 < 0.001

Evaluation scores

    

 SOFA

6.00 (3.00, 9.00)

5.00 (3.00, 8.00)

8.00 (5.00, 11.00)

 < 0.001

 OASIS

34.00 (29.00, 41.00)

33.00 (28.00, 39.00)

39.00 (33.00, 45.00)

 < 0.001

 APS III

51.00 (39.00, 67.00)

47.00 (36.00, 60.00)

66.00 (52.00, 84.00)

 < 0.001

 GCS

15.00 (14.00, 15.00)

15.00 (14.00, 15.00)

15.00 (13.00, 15.00)

 < 0.001

 SAPS II

42.00 (34.00, 52.00)

40.00 (33.00, 49.00)

51.00 (42.00, 62.00)

 < 0.001

 Charlson

7.00 (5.00, 8.00)

6.00 (5.00, 8.00)

7.00 (5.00, 9.00)

 < 0.001

 CHA2DS2 VASc

3.00 (2.00, 4.00)

3.00 (2.00, 4.00)

3.00 (2.00, 4.00)

0.529

 EASIX

5.64 (4.56, 6.84)

5.38 (4.37, 6.46)

6.57 (5.35, 7.93)

 < 0.001

Events, \ (%)

    

 AKI

4181 (85.40)

2979 (82.27)

1202 (94.27)

 < 0.001

 Sepsis

3298 (67.36)

2221 (61.34)

1077 (84.47)

 < 0.001

 Death Within Hosp 28 days

1432 (29.25)

288 (7.95)

1144 (89.73)

 < 0.001

 Death Within Hosp 90 days

1933 (39.48)

667 (18.42)

1266 (99.29)

 < 0.001

 Death Within Hosp 180 days

2180 (44.53)

905 (24.99)

1275 (100.00)

 < 0.001

 Death Within Hosp 365 days

2436 (49.75)

1161 (32.06)

1275 (100.00)

 < 0.001

  1. Data are means ± SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%)
  2. WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; RDW, red cell distribution width; Hct, hematocrit; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; SpO2:oxyhemoglobin saturation; ACEIs/ARBs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; ICU, intensive care unit; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; APS III:SAPS II, simplified acute physiology score; OASIS, Oxford acute severity of illness score; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; Charlson, Charlson comorbidity index; EASIX, endothelial activation and stress index; AKI, acute kidney injury
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European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

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