Table 1 Basic information of eligible participants
Variables | All participants | Male | Female | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 5957) | Normal (n = 4199) | Sleep disturbance (n = 1758) | P | Total (n = 2936) | Normal (n = 2193) | Sleep disturbance (n = 743) | P | Total (n = 3021) | Normal (n = 2006) | Sleep disturbance (n = 1015) | P | |
Age (year), Mean ± SD | 67.82 ± 5.61 | 67.83 ± 5.64 | 67.79 ± 5.53 | 0.787 | 67.92 ± 5.65 | 67.85 ± 5.65 | 68.12 ± 5.66 | 0.259 | 67.73 ± 5.56 | 67.82 ± 5.63 | 67.55 ± 5.43 | 0.213 |
Gender, n(%) | < 0.001 | |||||||||||
Male | 2936 (49.29) | 2193 (52.23) | 743 (42.26) | |||||||||
Female | 3021 (50.71) | 2006 (47.77) | 1015 (57.74) | |||||||||
BMI, Mean ± SD | 29.58 ± 6.38 | 29.28 ± 5.99 | 30.32 ± 7.17 | < 0.001 | 29.12 ± 5.43 | 28.76 ± 5.18 | 30.17 ± 6.01 | < .001 | 30.04 ± 7.15 | 29.84 ± 6.72 | 30.43 ± 7.92 | 0.043 |
BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | 0.002 | 0.187 | 0.116 | |||||||||
< 18.5 | 58 (0.97) | 44 (1.05) | 14 (0.80) | 22 (0.75) | 19 (0.87) | 3 (0.40) | 36 (1.19) | 25 (1.25) | 11 (1.08) | |||
18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.0 | 950 (15.95) | 652 (15.53) | 298 (16.95) | 384 (13.08) | 297 (13.54) | 87 (11.71) | 566 (18.74) | 355 (17.70) | 211 (20.79) | |||
≥ 24 | 4949 (83.08) | 3503 (83.42) | 1446 (82.25) | 2530 (86.17) | 1877 (85.59) | 653 (87.89) | 2419 (80.07) | 1626 (81.06) | 793 (78.13) | |||
Education level, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.089 | 0.161 | |||||||||
Below high school | 1864 (31.29) | 1355 (32.27) | 509 (28.95) | 907 (30.89) | 699 (31.87) | 208 (27.99) | 957 (31.68) | 656 (32.70) | 301 (29.66) | |||
High school | 1352 (22.70) | 955 (22.74) | 397 (22.58) | 644 (21.93) | 483 (22.02) | 161 (21.67) | 708 (23.44) | 472 (23.53) | 236 (23.25) | |||
Above high school | 2741 (46.01) | 1889 (44.99) | 852 (48.46) | 1385 (47.17) | 1011 (46.10) | 374 (50.34) | 1356 (44.89) | 878 (43.77) | 478 (47.09) | |||
Race, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.034 | 0.003 | |||||||||
Mexican American | 873 (14.66) | 645 (15.36) | 228 (12.97) | 413 (14.07) | 317 (14.46) | 96 (12.92) | 460 (15.23) | 328 (16.35) | 132 (13.00) | |||
Other Hispanic | 697 (11.70) | 489 (11.65) | 208 (11.83) | 296 (10.08) | 221 (10.08) | 75 (10.09) | 401 (13.27) | 268 (13.36) | 133 (13.10) | |||
Non-Hispanic White | 2722 (45.69) | 1850 (44.06) | 872 (49.60) | 1371 (46.70) | 990 (45.14) | 381 (51.28) | 1351 (44.72) | 860 (42.87) | 491 (48.37) | |||
Non-Hispanic Black | 1198 (20.11) | 856 (20.39) | 342 (19.45) | 630 (21.46) | 484 (22.07) | 146 (19.65) | 568 (18.80) | 372 (18.54) | 196 (19.31) | |||
Other Race—Including Multi-Racial | 467 (7.84) | 359 (8.55) | 108 (6.14) | 226 (7.70) | 181 (8.25) | 45 (6.06) | 241 (7.98) | 178 (8.87) | 63 (6.21) | |||
Marital status, n (%) | 0.014 | 0.159 | 0.219 | |||||||||
Married | 3511 (58.94) | 2535 (60.37) | 976 (55.52) | 2036 (69.35) | 1531 (69.81) | 505 (67.97) | 1475 (48.82) | 1004 (50.05) | 471 (46.40) | |||
Widowed | 911 (15.29) | 606 (14.43) | 305 (17.35) | 204 (6.95) | 142 (6.48) | 62 (8.34) | 707 (23.40) | 464 (23.13) | 243 (23.94) | |||
Divorced | 868 (14.57) | 598 (14.24) | 270 (15.36) | 358 (12.19) | 277 (12.63) | 81 (10.90) | 510 (16.88) | 321 (16.00) | 189 (18.62) | |||
Separated | 167 (2.80) | 119 (2.83) | 48 (2.73) | 66 (2.25) | 52 (2.37) | 14 (1.88) | 101 (3.34) | 67 (3.34) | 34 (3.35) | |||
Never married | 331 (5.56) | 231 (5.50) | 100 (5.69) | 164 (5.59) | 116 (5.29) | 48 (6.46) | 167 (5.53) | 115 (5.73) | 52 (5.12) | |||
Living with partner | 168 (2.82) | 109 (2.60) | 59 (3.36) | 108 (3.68) | 75 (3.42) | 33 (4.44) | 60 (1.99) | 34 (1.69) | 26 (2.56) | |||
PIR, n (%) | 0.017 | 0.473 | 0.027 | |||||||||
≤ 1.3 | 1867 (31.34) | 1274 (30.34) | 593 (33.73) | 863 (29.39) | 640 (29.18) | 223 (30.01) | 1004 (33.23) | 634 (31.61) | 370 (36.45) | |||
1.3 < PIR ≤ 3.5 | 2278 (38.24) | 1611 (38.37) | 667 (37.94) | 1091 (37.16) | 806 (36.75) | 285 (38.36) | 1187 (39.29) | 805 (40.13) | 382 (37.64) | |||
> 3.5 | 1812 (30.42) | 1314 (31.29) | 498 (28.33) | 982 (33.45) | 747 (34.06) | 235 (31.63) | 830 (27.47) | 567 (28.27) | 263 (25.91) | |||
Alcohol user, n (%) | < 0.001 | <0 .001 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
Yes | 3001 (50.38) | 1970 (46.92) | 1031 (58.65) | 1580 (53.81) | 1098 (50.07) | 482 (64.87) | 1421 (47.04) | 872 (43.47) | 549 (54.09) | |||
No | 2956 (49.62) | 2229 (53.08) | 727 (41.35) | 1356 (46.19) | 1095 (49.93) | 261 (35.13) | 1600 (52.96) | 1134 (56.53) | 466 (45.91) | |||
Somker, n (%) | 0.015 | < 0.001 | 0.024 | |||||||||
Yes | 3081 (51.72) | 2129 (50.70) | 952 (54.15) | 1919 (65.36) | 1386 (63.20) | 533 (71.74) | 1162 (38.46) | 743 (37.04) | 419 (41.28) | |||
No | 2876 (48.28) | 2070 (49.30) | 806 (45.85) | 1017 (34.64) | 807 (36.80) | 210 (28.26) | 1859 (61.54) | 1263 (62.96) | 596 (58.72) | |||
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
Yes | 1514 (25.42) | 970 (23.10) | 544 (30.94) | 799 (27.21) | 539 (24.58) | 260 (34.99) | 715 (23.67) | 431 (21.49) | 284 (27.98) | |||
No | 4443 (74.58) | 3229 (76.90) | 1214 (69.06) | 2137 (72.79) | 1654 (75.42) | 483 (65.01) | 2306 (76.33) | 1575 (78.51) | 731 (72.02) | |||
Hypertension, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
Yes | 3581 (60.11) | 2395 (57.04) | 1186 (67.46) | 1698 (57.83) | 1205 (54.95) | 493 (66.35) | 1883 (62.33) | 1190 (59.32) | 693 (68.28) | |||
No | 2376 (39.89) | 1804 (42.96) | 572 (32.54) | 1238 (42.17) | 988 (45.05) | 250 (33.65) | 1138 (37.67) | 816 (40.68) | 322 (31.72) | |||
CHF, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.003 | |||||||||
Yes | 381 (6.40) | 203 (4.83) | 178 (10.13) | 229 (7.80) | 119 (5.43) | 110 (14.80) | 152 (5.03) | 84 (4.19) | 68 (6.70) | |||
No | 5576 (93.60) | 3996 (95.17) | 1580 (89.87) | 2707 (92.20) | 2074 (94.57) | 633 (85.20) | 2869 (94.97) | 1922 (95.81) | 947 (93.30) | |||
CHD, n(%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.004 | |||||||||
Yes | 519 (8.71) | 319 (7.60) | 200 (11.38) | 358 (12.19) | 229 (10.44) | 129 (17.36) | 161 (5.33) | 90 (4.49) | 71 (7.00) | |||
No | 5438 (91.29) | 3880 (92.40) | 1558 (88.62) | 2578 (87.81) | 1964 (89.56) | 614 (82.64) | 2860 (94.67) | 1916 (95.51) | 944 (93.00) | |||
Angina, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
Yes | 293 (4.92) | 158 (3.76) | 135 (7.68) | 176 (5.99) | 100 (4.56) | 76 (10.23) | 117 (3.87) | 58 (2.89) | 59 (5.81) | |||
No | 5664 (95.08) | 4041 (96.24) | 1623 (92.32) | 2760 (94.01) | 2093 (95.44) | 667 (89.77) | 2904 (96.13) | 1948 (97.11) | 956 (94.19) | |||
Stroke, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
Yes | 420 (7.05) | 248 (5.91) | 172 (9.78) | 216 (7.36) | 138 (6.29) | 78 (10.50) | 204 (6.75) | 110 (5.48) | 94 (9.26) | |||
No | 5537 (92.95) | 3951 (94.09) | 1586 (90.22) | 2720 (92.64) | 2055 (93.71) | 665 (89.50) | 2817 (93.25) | 1896 (94.52) | 921 (90.74) | |||
Creatinine (mg/dL), Mean ± SD | 109.09 ± 69.84 | 109.74 ± 69.71 | 107.51 ± 70.14 | 0.266 | 128.30 ± 72.51 | 128.01 ± 71.60 | 129.16 ± 75.23 | 0.713 | 90.48 ± 61.69 | 89.74 ± 61.66 | 91.95 ± 61.75 | 0.356 |
Vit-D (nmol/L), Mean ± SD | 70.36 ± 29.37 | 69.30 ± 27.99 | 72.90 ± 32.29 | < .001 | 67.65 ± 25.89 | 67.27 ± 25.03 | 68.78 ± 28.26 | 0.201 | 72.99 ± 32.17 | 71.51 ± 30.76 | 75.89 ± 34.62 | < .001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L), Mean ± SD | 1.39 ± 0.44 | 1.39 ± 0.43 | 1.39 ± 0.45 | 0.888 | 1.27 ± 0.39 | 1.29 ± 0.40 | 1.22 ± 0.37 | < .001 | 1.51 ± 0.44 | 1.51 ± 0.43 | 1.52 ± 0.46 | 0.647 |
TC (mmol/L), Mean ± SD | 5.02 ± 1.11 | 5.06 ± 1.11 | 4.94 ± 1.11 | < .001 | 4.76 ± 1.08 | 4.83 ± 1.09 | 4.55 ± 1.03 | < .001 | 5.27 ± 1.08 | 5.30 ± 1.07 | 5.22 ± 1.09 | 0.053 |
Urinary albumin, Mean ± SD | 62.76 ± 306.67 | 54.39 ± 255.94 | 82.75 ± 402.15 | 0.006 | 84.35 ± 364.23 | 68.05 ± 279.33 | 132.46 ± 539.59 | 0.002 | 41.77 ± 235.91 | 39.45 ± 226.77 | 46.35 ± 253.05 | 0.448 |
α-Klotho (pg/ml), Mean ± SD | 829.77 ± 297.74 | 836.24 ± 300.18 | 814.32 ± 291.32 | 0.01 | 812.24 ± 292.52 | 817.05 ± 293.48 | 798.05 ± 289.37 | 0.126 | 846.82 ± 301.80 | 857.23 ± 306.04 | 826.23 ± 292.30 | 0.008 |