Fig. 2

Conceptual model of adipose tissue parameters and TAVI outcomes Observed trends in relationships between different adipose tissue parameters and mortality risk following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), synthesized from our systematic review findings. Important note: The curves represent conceptual relationships and observed trends across studies, not exact quantitative values. The left panels show subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) parameters, while right panels show visceral adipose tissue (VAT) parameters. For SAT area/volume, higher values were consistently associated with better survival across multiple studies. VAT area/volume showed obesity-dependent effects, with different relationships in obese vs. non-obese patients (Mancio et al.). Both SAT and VAT density demonstrated consistent associations between lower density values and better survival outcomes, potentially reflecting healthier adipocyte morphology and metabolic profiles. VAT:SAT ratio < 1 was associated with more favorable outcomes in the limited studies examining this parameter. These relationships highlight the complex interplay between adipose tissue distribution, quality, and TAVI outcomes