Fig. 2

Relationship between MHR and all-cause mortality in restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots. The left panels represent hazard ratio and 95% CI for MHR in 30-day mortality (a), 90-day mortality (b), and 1-year mortality (c) without adjustment. The right panels represent hazard ratio and 95% CI for MHR in 30-day mortality (d), 90-day mortality (e), and 1-year mortality (f) after adjusting for variables. The reference: horizontal dotted line denotes hazard ratio = 1; vertical dotted line denotes MHR of 60 bpm. p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. Adjustment for the variables including age, sex, race, health insurance, albumin, serum creatinine, hemoglobin, platelet, NT-proBNP, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, CCBs, diuretics, β-blockers, carvedilol, morphine, spironolactone, AF, COPD, IHD and renal failure. ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, AF atrial fibrillation, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, CCBs calcium channel blockers, CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR hazard ratio, IHD ischemic heart disease, MHR minimum heart rate