Table 1 Basic characteristics of study population

Age, year

47.41 ± 9.23

48.13 ± 9.56

0.032

45.46 ± 8.50

52.05 ± 9.50

<0.001

Years of education

6.00 ± 4.10

3.92 ± 3.55

<0.001

5.50 ± 3.95

3.65 ± 3.62

<0.001

Marital status

 Unmarried

38 (30.60)

86 (69.40)

<0.001

109 (87.90)

15 (12.10)

<0.001

 Married

1375 (48.20)

1479 (51.80)

1858 (65.10)

996 (34.90)

 Widow/divorced

2 (0.80)

237(99.20)

100 (41.80)

139 (58.20)

Diabetes

 Yes

104 (25.60)

302 (74.40)

<0.001

0 (0.00)

406 (100.00)

<0.001

 No

1311 (46.6)

1500 (53.40)

2067 (73.50)

744 (26.50)

Hypertension

 Yes

142 (22.2)

497 (77.80)

<0.001

0 (0.00)

639 (100.00)

<0.001

 No

1273 (49.40)

1305 (50.60)

2067 (80.20)

511 (19.80)

Ischemic heart disease

 Yes

80 (28.00)

206 (72.00)

<0.001

0 (0.00)

286 (100.00)

<0.001

 No

1335 (45.50)

1596 (54.50)

2067 (70.50)

864 (29.50)

Smoking

<0.001

 Yes

795 (92.20)

67 (7.80)

69 (77.60)

193 (22.40)

<0.001

 No

620 (26.30)

1735 (73.70)

1398 (59.40)

957 (40.60)

Waist circumference, cm

88.64 ± 11.35

96.25 ± 11.73

<0.001

90.31 ± 11.67

97.55 ± 11.64

<0.001

Hip circumference, cm

97.43 ± 7.69

101.53 ± 9.40

<0.001

98.59 ± 8.51

101.77 ± 9.29

<0.001

Wrist circumference, cm

17.20 ± 1.27

16.25 ± 1.27

<0.001

16.64 ± 1.36

16.73 ± 1.34

0.076

WHR

0.90 ± 0.06

0.94 ± 0.06

<0.001

0.91 ± 0.06

0.95 ± 0.06

<0.001

BMI, kg/m²

23.97 ± 4.51

27.03 ± 4.98

<0.001

24.77 ± 4.83

27.33 ± 4.92

<0.001

MET, per min

45.06 ± 13.85

38.95 ± 6.51

<0.001

42.70 ± 11.59

39.71 ± 8.98

<0.001

TG, mg/dl

134.17 ± 86.68

125.39 ± 69.52

0.001

123.36 ± 74.36

139.83 ± 81.78

<0.001

Cholesterol, mg/dl

178.08 ± 38.57

189.00 ± 39.24

<0.001

181.91 ± 37.36

188.31 ± 42.31

<0.001

HDL, mg/dl

43.50 ± 9.18

49.62 ± 10.31

<0.001

46.58 ± 10.16

47.55 ± 10.50

0.010

LDL, mg/dl

107.75 ± 30.90

114.26 ± 32.89

<0.001

110.62 ± 30.93

112.79 ± 34.31

0.067

TBW, %

40.29 ± 5.78

31.21 ± 3.59

<0.001

35.82 ± 6.67

34.09 ± 6.02

<0.001

TBFP, %

19.49 ± 7.11

34.12 ± 6.98

<0.001

25.24 ± 9.94

32.09 ± 8.85

<0.001

TFP, %

21.45 ± 8.32

29.59 ± 8.34

<0.001

24.05 ± 9.14

29.54 ± 8.39

<0.001

HR

65.61 ± 10.79

74.51 ± 11.76

<0.001

69.15 ± 11.70

73.20 ± 12.57

<0.001

PR length, ms

136.22 ± 41.67

133.61 ± 36.84

0.060

134.15 ± 39.62

135.83 ± 38.01

0.242

PD, ms

98.33 ± 30.24

97.72 ± 26.19

0.544

96.88 ± 28.13

99.97 ± 27.78

0.003

QRS length, ms

99.24 ± 10.59

95.56 ± 10.28

<0.001

96.89 ± 10.28

97.85 ± 11.03

0.014

QRS axis, degree

38.66 ± 44.41

31.75 ± 33.54

<0.001

38.39 ± 39.58

28.33 ± 36.64

<0.001

R_aVL, mm

0.14 ± 0.35

0.19 ± 0.39

<0.001

0.13 ± 0.34

0.23 ± 0.42

<0.001

S_V3, mm

−0.06 ± 0.24

−0.05 ± 0.22

0.189

−0.05 ± 0.21

−0.08 ± 0.27

<0.001