Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Study | Country | Time | Site | Sedatives in RSI | Muscle relaxants in RSI | Experience for VL | Experience for DL | Difficult airway | Cardiac arrest | Visualize the device |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trimmel et al. [13] | Austria | 2008–2009 | Pre-hospital | Used | Used | Unexperienced-Underwent a prestudy Airtraq instruction, manikin training, and gained supervised clinical Airtraq experience (two to five cases) | Experienced—Anesthesiologists and physicians with ≥ 3 y of clinical experience comprising at least 80 endotracheal intubations per year | Less | Less (cardiac arrest 47.6%) | Airtraq |
Arima et al. [33] | Japan | 2012–2013 | Pre-hospital | Not used | Not used | Unknown-6 physicians had generally performed 100 intubations of 15 to 30 VL intubations per year.5 physicians had done an anesthesia rotation least 50 intubations, but fewer experiences with AL intubation | Experienced—physicians ≥ 3 years of working experience | Less | Main (cardiac arrest 92.6%) | Airway scope |
Trimmel et al. [37] | Austria and Norway | 2011–2012 | Pre-hospital | Used | Used | Unexperienced-Physicians underwent 2 h of GlideScope training and were guided intubations (average, five cases) in the operating room | Experienced—physician-minimum clinical experience was 3.5 years (experienced) | Less | Main (cardiac arrest 63.2%) | GlideScope |
Ducharme et al. [34] | United States | 2014–2016 | Pre-hospital | Not used | Not used | Unexperienced-Physicians had less experience for intubation | Unexperienced—physicians had performed proctored intubations on a manikin using each device | Less | Main (cardiac arrest 97.5%) | King Video |
Kreutziger et al. [35] | Austria | 2017–2018 | Pre-hospital | Used | Used | Unknown-No report | Experienced—anesthesiologists or physicians with at least 4 years of postgraduate training including inpatient anesthesia | Less | Main (cardiac arrest 50%) | McGrathVL |
Macke et al. [36] | Germany | 2017–2019 | Pre-hospital | Unknown | Unknown | Experienced-Had 1 year experienced | Most experienced—the experienced group had an experience > 100 intubations prior to this study, the less experienced group < 100 intubations in total | Less | Main (cardiac arrest 55.2%) | C-MAC |
Ahmadi et al. [26] | Iran | 2011 | In-hospital | Unknown | Unknown | Unexperienced-Physicians had less experience for intubation | Unexperienced—second or third-year residents of emergency medicine | Main | Less (exclusion cardiopulmonary arrest) | GlideScope |
Driver et al. [27] | United States | 2011–2013 | In-hospital | Used | Used | Unkonwn-No report | Most experienced—senior residents | Less | Less (cardiac arrest 4.5%) | C-MAC |
Goksu et al. [28] | Turkey | 2013–2014 | In-hospital | Used | Unkonwn | Unexperienced-Physicians had less experience for intubation | Most unexperienced—the operators were residents and attending physicians | Less | Less (cardiac arrest 18%) | C-MAC |
Kim et al. [30] | Korea | 2011–2013 | In-hospital | Not used | Not used | Experienced-Had 1 year experienced | Experienced—the advanced cardiovascular life support team (> 50 successful intubation) | Unknown | Main (only cardiac arrest) | GlideScope |
Sulser et al. [32] | Switzerland | 2014–2015 | In-hospital | Used | Used | Unknown-No report | Experienced—Three experienced anesthesia consultants | Less | Less (exclusion cardiac arrest) | C-MAC |
Ilbagi et al. [29] | Iran | 2016–2018 | In-hospital | Used | Used | Unexperienced-Physicians had less experience for intubation | Unexperienced—the second year emergency medicine resident | Less | Less (exclusion cardiac arrest) | Glidescope |
Sanguanwit et al. [31] | Thailand | 2015–2016 | In-hospital | Used | Unknown | Unexperienced-Physicians had less experience for intubation | Unexperienced—students and Emergency Medicine Resident | Less | Less (report less cardiac arrest) | Glidescope |
Prekker et al. [3] | United States | 2022 | In-hospital | Used | Used | Experienced-Video laryngoscope using proportion 0.69 (0.50 to 0.80) | Most experienced—91.5% of the intubations were performed by an emergency medicine resident or a critical care fellow | Less | Less (cardiac arrest 8.0%) | C-MAC, McGrath, MAC,GlideScope, LoPro,GlideScope A/GVL |
Yeatts et al. [25] | United States | 2008–2010 | In-hospital | Used | Used | Unexperienced-Physicians had less experience for intubation | Most unexperienced—emergency medicine or anesthesiology residents with a minimum of 1 year of previous intubation experience | Unknown | Less (cardiac arrest 2.8%) | GlideScope |
Griesdale et al. [20] | Canada | 2009–2011 | In-hospital | Used | Used | Unexperienced-Physicians had less experience for intubation | Unexperienced—medical students or non-anesthesiology residents | Less | Less (exclusion cardiopulmonary arrest) | Glidescope |
Silverberg et al. [24] | United States | 2012–2013 | In-hospital | Used | Used | Unexperienced-Physicians had less experience for intubation | Unexperienced—eight fellows participated, with training levels ranging from postgraduate year 4 through 8 | Less | Less (report less cardiac arrest) | Glidescope |
Janz et al. [21] | United States | 2014–2015 | In-hospital | Used | Used | Unexperienced-Physicians had less experience for intubation | Unexperienced—Trained pulmonary and critical care medicine fellows | Less | Less (report less cardiac arrest) | McGrath MAC (98.6%), GlideScope (1.4%) |
Lascarrou et al. [22] | France | 2015–2016 | In-hospital | Used | Used | Unexperienced-Physicians had less experience for intubation | Unexperienced (84.8%) and 15.2% experienced intubators | Less | Less (Exclusion cardiopulmonary arrest) | McGrath MAC |
Gao et al. [11] | China | 2014–2016 | In-hospital | Used | Not used | Unexperienced-Physicians received handson training | Experienced—All the physicians involved had either worked at ICUs for at least 5 years | Less | Less (report less cardiac arrest) | VL300M, |
Abdelgalel et al. [18] | Egypt | 2016–2017 | In-hospital | Used | Not used | Experienced-Performed more than 30 intubations with each of Airtraq and Glidescope | Experienced—ICU physician with more than 3 years and performed more than 30 intubations | Less | Less (exclusion cardiopulmonary arrest) | Glidescope and Airtraq |
Grensemann et al. [19] | Germany | 2016–2018 | In-hospital | Used | Used | Unknown-No report | Experienced—at least one is a fellow or an attending physician with experience in intensive care medicine | Less | Less (report less cardiac arrest) | VivaSight |
Dey et al. [12] | India | 2017–2018 | In-hospital | Used | Used | Experienced-Had experience of minimum fifty video laryngoscopies using C-MAC | Experienced—Snesthesiologists (laryngoscopes) had experience of minimum fifty intubation | Less | Less (exclusion cardiac arrest) | C-MAC |
Dharanindra et al. [14] | India | 2019 | In-hospital | Used | Used | Unknown-No report | Unkonwn-anesthesia | Less | Less (report less cardiac arrest) | The King Vision |
Shukla et al. [23] | India | 2022 | In-hospital | Used | Used | Experienced-Had done at least 30 successful intubation | Experienced-primary investigator who had done at least 30 successful intubations previously with each of these laryngoscopes | Less | Less (exclusion cardiac arrest) | BPL VL-02 |