Fig. 5
From: Inducing mononuclear cells of patients with CADASIL to construct a CSVD disease model
NOTCH3 R141C inhibits vascular organoid cell proliferation via oxidative stress and inflammation. A NOTCH3 R141C suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals mitochondrial damage: A1 Control vascular organoids (× 2.5 K); A2 Control vascular organoids (× 20.0 K); A3 CADASIL vascular organoids (× 2.5 K); A4 CADASIL vascular organoids (× 20.0 K), showing severe mitochondrial damage and autophagic vesicles (black arrows). Immunofluorescence staining for Ki67 expression: A5 Control vascular organoids; A7 CADASIL vascular organoids, demonstrating reduced Ki67-positive cells. TUNEL assay for apoptotic cells: A6 CADASIL vascular organoids; A8 CADASIL vascular organoids, highlighting increased apoptotic signals. B NOTCH3 R141C mutation in CADASIL exacerbates oxidative stress and inflammatory response in vascular organoids