Table 1 Risk of bias assessment by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) evaluation checklist
Elnayef_2017 [15] | Comisso_2021 [14] | Fernandes_2022 [16] | Sales_2023 [17] | Duan_2023 [18] | Morena_2024 [22] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Is the review question clearly and explicitly stated? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Were the inclusion criteria appropriate for the review question? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Was the search strategy appropriate? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Were the sources and resources used to search for studies adequate? | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y |
Were the criteria for appraising studies appropriate? | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | Y |
Was critical appraisal conducted by two or more reviewers independently? | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | Y |
Were there methods to minimize errors in data extraction? | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Were the methods used to combine studies appropriate? | U | Y | Y | U | Y | Y |
Was the likelihood of publication bias assessed? | N | Y | Y | Y | N | U |
Were recommendations for policy and/or practice supported by the reported data? | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Were the specific directives for new research appropriate? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |