Table 2 Base characteristics of participants with and without SUI in the NHANES 2005–2018 cycles

Age (years)

49.81 ± 17.63

45.91 ± 16.92

52.78 ± 15.40

Gender, (%)

 Male

50.23

62.24

8.24

 Female

49.77

37.76

91.76

Race/ethnicity, (%)

 Mexican American

15.54

8.57

7.46

 Other Hispanic

9.59

5.60

4.90

 Non-Hispanic White

42.90

66.72

72.76

 Non-Hispanic Black

21.39

11.63

8.39

 Other Races

10.58

7.48

6.49

Education level, (%)

 Less than high school

24.17

15.26

16.08

 High school or GED

23.15

23.53

23.14

 Above high school

52.68

61.21

60.78

Marital status, (%)

 Married or living with partners

18.10

20.43

9.79

 Widowed, divorced, or separated

59.73

63.40

64.70

 Never married

22.16

16.17

25.51

PIR, (%)

< 1.3

28.08

18.88

20.03

 1.3–3.5

43.28

39.92

40.49

> 3.5

28.64

41.20

39.49

Smoking status, (%)

 Yes

45.34

45.71

44.43

 No

54.66

54.29

55.57

Alcohol use, (%)

 Non-drinkers

24.15

17.61

24.51

 Drinkers

61.61

67.09

58.28

 Unclear

14.25

15.30

17.21

Hypertension, (%)

 Yes

36.19

29.44

40.43

 No

63.81

70.56

59.57

Diabetes, (%)

 Yes

12.94

8.43

13.03

 No

87.06

91.57

86.97

Vigorous recreational activity, (%)

 Yes

25.54

32.26

19.22

 No

74.46

67.74

80.78

Moderate recreational activity, (%)

 Yes

47.76

54.18

51.54

 No

52.24

45.82

48.46

Number of vaginal deliveries, (%)

 0

67.16

78.79

31.33

 1

7.18

5.72

14.53

 2

10.42

7.06

25.77

> 2

15.25

8.44

28.36

Cesarean deliveries, (%)

 Yes

31.52

25.41

56.21

 No

68.48

74.59

43.79

Ever used female hormones, (%)

 Yes

22.68

23.49

28.34

 No

77.32

76.51

71.66

 BMI, kg/m²

29.16 ± 6.80

28.57 ± 6.41

30.40 ± 7.62

 WC, cm

99.5 ± 16.40

98.85 ± 16.37

100.68 ± 17.05

 RFM

35.50 ± 8.69

33.15 ± 8.04

41.83 ± 6.52