Table 3 Immune barrier damage caused by addictive substance use disorder

METH

Human

The increased activation of monocytes aggravates the development of clinical HIV

[42]

Morphine

Mouse

The expression of chemokines in intestinal tissue of mice increased significantly, and neutrophil infiltration increased

[46]

Fentanyl, morphine

Mouse

Damage the function of macrophages, natural killer ( NK) cells and T cells

[43]

Opioid

Mouse

The histamine secretion of mast cells is changed and the function of mast cells is inhibited

[44]

Morphine

Mouse

The decrease in the number of macrophages and the decrease in the ability to proliferate significantly delay the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils to the inflammatory site

[47]

Fentanyl, buprenorphine

Mouse

Reduced interaction between macrophages, such as antigen presentation, resulting in reduced antibody production

[45]