Fig. 4

Protein expression in abdominal fluid of peritonitis-afflicted animals treated with laparoscopic lavage vs. peritonitis-afflicted animals. Inflammatory proteins were analyzed by proximity extension immunoassay. Volcano plots illustrating protein expression in abdominal fluid of peritonitis animals (n = 5) and peritonitis animals treated with laparoscopic lavage (n = 5), sampled one (A), two (B) or three (C) hours after treatment. The volcano plots display log2 fold change of the mean protein levels (peritonitis with laparoscopic lavage/peritonitis) versus significance (Student’s t-test). Some significantly altered proteins (p < 0.05) are annotated. In the one-hour (A), 2 h (B), and three-hour (C) comparisons, 83, 84, and 84 proteins, respectively, were detected above the threshold in > 40% of samples and included in the data analysis. Notably, in the lavage-treated group, TPP1 and ACVRL1 (A), ACVRL1, GCG, and TPP1 (B), and CANT1 and ACVRL1 (C) exhibited > 40% missing data but were measurable in the peritonitis group, and thus included in the analyses