Adjuvant PD-1 inhibitors improve recurrence and survival outcomes in high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative hepatectomy

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis of OS after PSM

Variable	Univariate			Multivariate
Variable	HR	95%CI	p	HR	95%CI	p
Sex (female vs male)	1.32	0.39–4.48	0.657
Age (years, ≥ 60 vs < 60)	1.53	0.64–3.64	0.334
ALT (U/L, ≥ 40 vs < 40)	0.70	0.21–2.39	0.575
AST (U/L, ≥ 40 vs < 40)	1.62	0.65–4.03	0.297
ALBI grade (2/3 vs 1)	0.78	0.26–2.32	0.655
AFP (ng/mL, ≥ 400 vs < 400)	0.98	0.38–2.54	0.972
DCP (mAU/mL, ≥ 40 vs < 40)	1.02	0.40–2.64	0.962
Viral infection (yes vs no)	0.79	0.23–2.69	0.708
Cirrhosis (yes vs no)	0.83	0.35–1.95	0.662
Tumor size (cm, > 5 vs ≤ 5)	0.80	0.33–1.94	0.629
Tumor number (multiple vs single)	0.87	0.29–2.60	0.807
Edmondson–Steiner grade (I/II vs III/IV)	1.26	0.53–2.98	0.605
MVI (yes vs no)	2.07	0.76–5.65	0.155
Macrovascular invasion (yes vs no)	5.36	2.25–12.73	< 0.001	6.21	2.55–15.12	< 0.001
Capsular invasion (yes vs no)	0.73	0.27–1.99	0.536
Satellite nodules (yes vs no)	2.37	1.01–5.57	0.049	1.88	0.78–4.50	0.157
PD-1 inhibitors (yes vs no)	0.20	0.06–0.68	0.010	0.14	0.04–0.49	0.002
TACE (yes vs no)	0.53	0.19–1.45	0.215

OS overall survival, PSM propensity score matching, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALBI albumin–bilirubin, AFP alpha-fetoprotein, DCP des-γ-carboxy prothrombin, MVI microvascular invasion, PD-1 programmed cell death protein-1, TACE transarterial chemoembolization

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