Table 2 Univariate Cox proportional hazard model of OS in all patients

Age

3190

 < 45

1379

Reference

45–64

939

1.416 (1.271—1.577)

 < 0.001

65–79

437

2.593 (2.288—2.940)

 < 0.001

80 + 

435

0.719 (0.610—0.849)

 < 0.001

Gender

3190

Female

1217

Reference

Male

1973

1.014 (0.924—1.112)

0.771

Race

3190

White

2556

Reference

Black

327

1.274 (1.104—1.470)

 < 0.001

Other

307

1.169 (1.004—1.362)

0.045

Grade

3190

Grade I

546

Reference

Grade II

1078

1.652 (1.418—1.923)

 < 0.001

Grade III

1089

2.201 (1.896—2.554)

 < 0.001

Grade IV

477

2.574 (2.173—3.048)

 < 0.001

T

3190

T1

851

Reference

T2

340

1.364 (1.125—1.653)

0.002

T3

506

2.303 (1.972—2.689)

 < 0.001

T4

1493

3.252 (2.869—3.685)

 < 0.001

N

3190

N0

2715

Reference

N1

167

1.759 (1.458—2.121)

 < 0.001

N2

287

1.979 (1.714—2.283)

 < 0.001

N3

21

2.462 (1.504—4.031)

 < 0.001

M

3190

M0

3035

Reference

M1

155

4.199 (3.536—4.986)

 < 0.001

Surgery

3190

No

993

Reference

Yes

2197

0.413 (0.376—0.453)

 < 0.001

Chemotherapy

3190

No/unknown

1997

Reference

Yes

1193

1.539 (1.404—1.687)

 < 0.001

Radiotherapy

3190

No

1812

Reference

Yes

1378

0.754 (0.687—0.827)

 < 0.001

Laterality

3190

Left

1569

Reference

Right

1503

1.062 (0.969—1.165)

0.2

Both

118

0.988 (0.776—1.257)

0.92

Primary site

3190

Nasal cavity

1524

Reference

Maxillary sinus

1091

2.271 (2.052—2.512)

 < 0.001

Ethmoid sinus

274

1.664 (1.411—1.962)

 < 0.001

Frontal sinus

39

1.837 (1.233—2.738)

0.003

Sphenoid sinus

82

2.081 (1.596—2.714)

 < 0.001

Accessory sinus lesions

180

1.597 (1.303—1.957)

 < 0.001

Histologic type

3190

Epithelial cell

373

Reference

Squamous cell

2072

0.765 (0.668—0.877)

 < 0.001

Basal/transitional cell

51

0.651 (0.443—0.957)

0.029

Adenomas/adenocarcinomas

560

0.515 (0.434—0.611)

 < 0.001

Mucoepidermoid

77

0.423 (0.294—0.609)

 < 0.001

Adnexal/skin appendage

57

0.543 (0.370—0.798)

0.002