Table 1 Basic characteristics of studies (n = 23)

Lenz ER, 2000, United States of America

To evaluate the impact of FCC intervention on CABG surgery patients and their families

Quasi-experiment study

Unclear

Yes

Gu Ying, 2008, China

To explore the impact of FCC on patients and parents

Quasi-experiment study

64/39

Unclear

Young LE, 2010, Canada

To describe the impact of social processes within the family and between the family and healthcare providers on the health of family caregivers and the family unit

Constructivist grounded theory approach

The total sample size was 27

Unclear

Lawrence KS, 2011, United States of America

To assess patients' and parents' knowledge about critical aspects of heart transplantation and the treatment regimen before and after they received the FCC

Quasi-experiment study

Patients: 12/8

Yes

McCusker CG, 2012, Northern Ireland

To evaluate the impact of the CHD Intervention Programme–School study on children and families

RCT

44/24

Yes

Ågren S, 2015, Sweden

To evaluate the impact of FCC intervention on caregiver burden in partners of patients with postoperative heart failure

RCT

42/42

Unclear

Ni Z, 2016, China

To assess the effectiveness of an empowerment health education program in enhancing caregiving skills and self-efficacy among parents of children with CHD

Quasi-experiment study

Unclear

Yes

Feng Fangfang, 2016, China

To explore the impact of FCC on patients and parents

Quasi-experiment study

60/40

Unclear

Zhang Zheng, 2017, China

To explore the application and effects of FCC in children undergoing interventional occlusion for CHD

RCT

44/36

Yes

Eghbali-Babadi M, 2017, Iran

To evaluate the impact of family participation in ICU patient care on the incidence of delirium

RCT

44/24

Yes

Mailhot T, 2017, Canada

To determine the effect of a nursing intervention involving FCC in delirium management following cardiac surgery

RCT

Unclear

Yes

Abedini F, 2020, Iran

To investigate the effects of the family-centered empowerment model on self-efficacy and self-esteem among the family caregivers of patients with prosthetic heart valve

Quasi-experiment study

17/21

Yes

Bahramnezhad F, 2021, Iran

To determine the effect of partnership-based education on adherence to the treatment plans in open heart surgery

Quasi-experiment study

58/28

Yes

Nouri JM, 2021, Iran

To determine the effect of the FCC on anxiety and agitation in patients undergoing CABG

RCT

52/18

None

Koyuncu A, 2021, Turkey

To investigate the effect of FCC intervention in ICU on patients' stress response after CABG

Quasi-experiment study

56/17

Yes

Yoo HJ, 2021, South Korea

To assess the impact of FCC interventions on ICU patient family members

Quasi-experiment study

22/34

Unclear

LaRonde MP, 2022, United States of America

To determine the status of individualized FCC for infants with congenital heart disease

Cross-sectional Study

The total sample size was 25. (Nurses at each participating center)

Yes

González-Martín S, 2022, Spain

To evaluate the effects of the relatives´ visit prior to hospital admission(s) on the patient's scheduled cardiac surgery

RCT

18/20

Unclear

Jafarnejad S, 2022, Iran

To determine the effects of a FCC program on anxiety and care burden among the parents of

children undergoing heart transplantation

RCT

17/33

Unclear

Lin L, 2023, China

To investigate the effects of FCC intervention on the ICU prognoses of patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery

RCT

Patients: 48/32Parents: 34/46

Yes

Hao X, 2023, China

To evaluate the impact of FCC interventions on perioperative patients receiving coronary interventional therapy

RCT

59/41

Yes

Yuruk E, 2024, Turkey

To investigate the effectiveness of family-centered personalized nutrition training on the growth and development of children with CHD

RCT

22/20

Unclear

Lotfalipoor R, 2024, Iran

To determine the effect of FCC on anxiety levels among family members of patients undergoing cardiac surgery

RCT

56/88

None