Fig. 1

Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical analyses of cellular markers in CX3CL1 expression groups. A Immunofluorescence assay comparing the counts of NK cells, macrophages, and CD8⁺ T cells in groups with differing levels of CX3CL1 expression. B Analysis of CX3CR⁺Ly6C/Ly6G⁺ MDSCs through immunofluorescence in groups with varying CX3CL1 expression levels. C Comparison of the ratio of CX3CR1⁺Ly6C/Ly6G⁺ to CX3CR⁻Ly6G/Ly6C⁺ cells in high versus low CX3CL1 expression groups. D, E High and low expressions of CX3CL1 and CXCR1 with Ly6G/Ly6C in HCC are represented, showing differences in staining intensity and distribution. F, G showed immunofluorescence analysis detecting CX3CR1⁺Ly6G/Ly6C⁺ cells in low and high expression samples